Mmd male child base8/23/2023 Several surgical techniques have been described, in which revascularization of the ischemic regions of the brain is attempted. However, the benefits of revascularization surgery for the ischemic type of MMD are well-established. Very little is known about the pathogenesis of MMD, and thus curative treatment is still elusive. The clinical presentation of moyamoya disease (MMD) in children usually includes episodes of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), whereas in adults it is intracranial hemorrhage. It is the most common pediatric cerebrovascular disease in Eastern Asia. It is a chronic, occlusive cerebrovascular disease involving bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the terminal portion of the internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and/or the proximal portions of the anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs), middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) and also the posterior circulation, with an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain. Moyamoya, meaning a “hazy puff of smoke” in Japanese, was first described by Takeuchi and Shimizu in 1957.
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